Bread does NOT cause cancer!

Recent research shows a link between high consumption of refined carbohydrates (of which bread is a prime example) and renal cell carcinoma. The authors of the study (published in the International Journal of Cancer) and other cancer experts are very careful to tell you that one does not necessarily cause the other. Let's hope that message doesn't get garbled in all the media reporting.



Here's what you need to know

This study is a correlational, community based study in Italy. Correlational means that they took a bunch of people in hospital with and without cancer (diagnosed over the past 2 years) and asked them what they eat today (using a food frequency questionnaire).

Say it with me.

Correlation does not equal causation.

This study presents me with more questions than answers. Since they are measuring food intake as recall, and as present-day food intake, how accurate is it really? Quick, list everything you've eaten in the past 24 hours. Now, look at that list, I bet you forgot something.

Since they are interested in people who had cancer within the past 2 years, how do we know that the present day diet hasn't changed since diagnosis?


I appreciate the work done by epidemiologists, and this study is a possible first-step for more research, but I have to point out that it is notoriously difficult to draw firm conclusions about diet and cancer. What may be clear in a correlational study may not hold water under rigorous experimental control. It's like saying that ice cream consumption is positively related to drownings (which, by the way, it is). Does ice cream cause people to drown? Of course not. There's a third factor involved--warm weather.

International Joural of Cancer--Premium Content.


Posted by Kris on October 20, 2006 3:30 PM
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